Module 2: Data responsibility
Looking answers for ‘prepare data for exploration module 2 challenge’?
In this post, I provide accurate answers and detailed explanations for Module 2: Data responsibility of Course 3: Prepare Data for Exploration – Google Data Analytics Professional Certificate.
Whether you’re preparing for quizzes or brushing up on your knowledge, these insights will help you master the concepts effectively. Let’s dive into the correct answers and detailed explanations for each question.
Test your knowledge on unbiased and objective data
Practice Quiz
1. Which of the following are examples of sampling bias? Select all that apply.
- A national election poll only interviews people with college degrees. ✅
- A survey of high-school-age students does not include homeschooled students. ✅
- An online marketing analytics firm stores data in a spreadsheet.
- A clinical study includes three times more men than women. ✅
Explanation:
Sampling bias occurs when certain groups are overrepresented or underrepresented in a dataset, leading to unbalanced or non-representative samples. The examples listed show such biases:
2. Fill in the blank: The tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that validates pre-existing beliefs is _____ bias.
- interpretation
- confirmation ✅
- sampling
- observer
Explanation:
Confirmation bias occurs when individuals seek, interpret, or remember information in a way that aligns with their pre-existing beliefs or hypotheses, often ignoring evidence to the contrary.
3. Which of the following terms are also ways of describing observer bias? Select all that apply.
- Research bias ✅
- Perception bias
- Spectator bias
- Experimenter bias ✅
Explanation:
Observer bias occurs when a researcher or observer’s expectations influence their interpretation of data or behavior. This is also referred to as research bias or experimenter bias.
Test your knowledge on data credibility
Practice Quiz
4. Which of the following are usually good data sources? Select all that apply.
- Academic papers ✅
- Vetted public datasets ✅
- Governmental agency data ✅
- Social media sites
Explanation:
Academic papers, vetted public datasets, and data from governmental agencies are considered reliable and credible sources because they typically undergo rigorous validation processes.
5. To determine if a data source is cited, you should ask which of the following questions? Select all that apply.
- Is the data relevant to the problem I’m trying to solve?
- Has this dataset been properly cleaned?
- Is this dataset from a credible organization? ✅
- Who created this dataset? ✅
Explanation:
Evaluating whether a dataset is cited involves determining its credibility and origin. Questions about relevance or data cleaning, while important for data quality, are not specifically about whether a data source is cited.
6. A data analyst is analyzing sales data for the newest version of a product. They use third-party data about an older version of the product. For what reasons is this inappropriate for their analysis? Select all that apply.
- The data is not current ✅
- The data is biased
- The data is not accurate
- The data is not original ✅
Explanation:
The data is not current: Using older data can lead to incorrect conclusions since it doesn’t reflect the current state of the product or market.
The data is not original: Relying on third-party data might mean that the data was collected for a different purpose, potentially leading to mismatches or inaccuracies for the current analysis.
Test your knowledge on data ethics and privacy
Practice Quiz
7. Fill in the blank: _____ states that all data-processing activities and algorithms should be completely explainable and understood by the individual who provides their data.
- Currency
- Openness
- Transaction transparency ✅
- Privacy
Explanation: Transaction transparency ensures that individuals understand how their data is processed and used, promoting accountability and trust in data practices.
8. A data analyst removes personally identifying information from a dataset. What task are they performing?
- Data anonymization ✅
- Data visualization
- Data collection
- Data sorting
Explanation: Data anonymization is the process of removing personally identifiable information (PII) to protect individuals’ privacy while still allowing the data to be used for analysis.
9. Before completing a survey, an individual acknowledges reading information about how and why the data they provide will be used. What is this concept called?
- Discretion
- Consent ✅
- Currency
- Privacy
Explanation: Consent involves individuals agreeing to the collection and use of their data after being informed about the purpose and methods of data collection. It is a key principle of ethical data practices.
Test your knowledge on open data
Practice Quiz
10. What aspect of data ethics promotes the free access, usage, and sharing of data?
- Privacy
- Transaction transparency
- Openness ✅
- Consent
Explanation: Openness in data ethics encourages the unrestricted access, sharing, and usage of data to foster innovation and collaboration while maintaining ethical standards.
11. What are the main benefits of open data? Select all that apply.
- Open data makes good data more widely available. ✅
- Open data combines data from different fields of knowledge. ✅
- Open data restricts data access to certain groups of people.
- Open data increases the amount of data available for purchase.
Explanation: Open data promotes accessibility and integration, allowing researchers, organizations, and the public to utilize valuable data across various domains, leading to innovation and improved decision-making.
12. Universal participation is a standard of open data. What are the key aspects of universal participation? Select all that apply.
- All corporations are allowed to sell open data.
- Everyone must be able to use, re-use, and redistribute open data. ✅
- Certain groups of people must share their private data.
- No one can place restrictions on data to discriminate against a person or group. ✅
Explanation: Universal participation ensures open data is inclusive, non-discriminatory, and accessible to everyone, promoting equitable opportunities for innovation and knowledge-sharing.
*Module 2 challenge*
Graded Quiz
13. Fill in the blank: A preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing is called _____. It is an error in data analytics that can systematically skew results in a certain direction.
- data collection
- data interoperability
- data bias ✅
- data anonymization
Explanation:
Data bias systematically skews results, emphasizing the need for vigilance in data collection and analysis to ensure objectivity.
14. Which type of bias is the tendency to always construe ambiguous situations in a positive or negative way?
- Observer
- Confirmation
- Sampling
- Interpretation ✅
15. Which of the following are qualities of unreliable data? Select all that apply.
- Biased ✅
- Inaccurate ✅
- Vetted
- Incomplete ✅
16. Fill in the blank: Data _____ refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that dictate how data is collected, shared, and used.
- ethics ✅
- privacy
- credibility
- anonymization
17. Ownership is a key issue in data ethics. Who owns data?
- The organization that invests time and money collecting, processing, and analyzing the data
- The government that passes data-protection legislation
- The individual who originally generates the data ✅
- The law enforcement agencies that enforce data protection laws
18. An employer accesses an employee’s credit report without their consent. This is not a violation of the employee’s privacy because they work at the company.
- True
- False ✅
Explanation:
Accessing personal data without consent violates privacy rights, regardless of employer-employee relationships.
19. What is the process of protecting people’s private or sensitive data by eliminating identifying information?
- Data governance
- Data design
- Data ethics
- Data anonymization ✅
20. A key aspect of open data is free access to people’s personal information.
- True
- False ✅
21. A clinic surveys a group of male and female patients about their experience with physical therapy. The survey does not include people with disabilities. Is the survey data biased?
- Yes ✅
- No
22. A university surveys its student-athletes about their experience in college sports. The survey only includes student-athletes with scholarships. What type of bias is this an example of?
- Interpretation bias
- Observer bias
- Confirmation bias
- Sampling bias ✅
23. An individual who provides their data has the right to know and understand all of the data-processing activities and algorithms used on that data. This is called ownership.
- True
- False ✅
Explanation:
Understanding data-processing activities is referred to as transaction transparency, not ownership.
24. The right to inspect, update, or correct your own data is part of which aspect of data ethics?
- Data openness
- Data ownership
- Data consent
- Data privacy ✅
25. Interoperability is key to open data’s success. Which of the following is an example of interoperability?
- A website charges a fee to access a database
- An analyst removes all personally identifiable information from a database
- Different databases use common formats and terminology ✅
- A company restricts the use of a database to its own employees
26. Which of the following situations are examples of bias? Select all that apply.
- A researcher who surveys a sample group that is representative of the population
- A scholar who only reads sources that support their argument ✅
- A dancing competition judge who is a close friend of the dancer who wins the competition ✅
- A daycare that won’t hire men for childcare positions ✅
27. Which of the following “C’s” describe qualities of good data? Select all that apply.
- Comprehensive ✅
- Cited ✅
- Current ✅
- Consequential
Explanation:
Good data should be comprehensive (covers all necessary aspects), cited (traceable to credible sources), and current (up-to-date).
28. If a company uses your personal data as part of a financial transaction, you should be made aware of the nature and scale of the transaction. What concept of data ethics does this refer to?
- Privacy
- Currency ✅
- Ownership
- Consent
29. Data anonymization applies to both text and images.
- True ✅
- False
Explanation:
Data anonymization applies universally to all identifiable information, including text and images.
30. The government of a large city collects data on the quality of the city’s infrastructure. Any business, nonprofit organization, or person can access the government’s databases and re-use or redistribute the data. Is this an example of open data?
- Yes ✅
- No
Explanation:
Open data allows unrestricted use, reuse, and redistribution by anyone, fostering transparency and innovation.
31. Which of the following are types of data bias often encountered in data analytics? Select all that apply.
- Observer bias ✅
- Interpretation bias ✅
- Educational bias
- Confirmation bias ✅
Explanation:
These biases are common in data analytics and can influence how data is collected, analyzed, or interpreted.
32. In general, the usefulness of data decreases as time passes.
- True ✅
- False
33. Ownership is a key issue in data ethics. Who owns data?
- The law enforcement agencies that enforce data protection laws
- The organization that invests time and money collecting, processing, and analyzing the data
- The individual who originally generates the data ✅
- The government that passes data-protection legislation
34. Which of the following are commonly used methods for anonymizing data? Select all that apply.
- Masking ✅
- Hashing ✅
- Deleting
- Blanking ✅
35. An individual who provides their data has the right to know and understand all of the data-processing activities and algorithms used on that data. This concept refers to which aspect of data ethics?
- Currency
- Consent
- Ownership
- Transaction transparency ✅
36. In data ethics, consent gives an individual the right to know the answers to which of the following questions? Select all that apply.
- How long will my data be stored? ✅
- Why am I being forced to share my data?
- How will my data be used? ✅
- Why is my data being collected? ✅
Explanation:
Consent in data ethics empowers individuals with knowledge about their data’s purpose, usage, and retention.
Related contents:
Module 1: Data types and structures
Module 3: Database essentials
Module 4: Organize and protect data
Module 6: *Course challenge*
You might also like:
Course 1: Foundations: Data, Data, Everywhere
Course 2: Ask Questions to Make Data-Driven Decisions
Course 4: Process Data from Dirty to Clean
Course 5: Analyze Data to Answer Questions
Course 6: Share Data Through the Art of Visualization
Course 7: Data Analysis with R Programming
Course 8: Google Data Analytics Capstone: Complete a Case Study