Explanation:
Scale and Proportion refer to the size and weight of elements in a design and how they relate to each other. This principle ensures that elements are appropriately sized and balanced, creating harmony and visual appeal. For example, a large headline compared to smaller body text creates a clear hierarchy.

Contrast deals with how elements in a design differ or are opposed to one another. This can be achieved through differences in color, shape, size, or texture. Contrast helps to create visual interest and makes certain elements stand out, improving readability and focus.

White Space or Negative Space refers to the empty or unmarked areas in a design. It is not just “empty space” but a deliberate design choice that provides organization, clarity, and breathing room for the composition. It helps to prevent clutter and makes the design more visually appealing and easier to navigate.